The Local Historian Volume 8 Number 3 August 1968

By Lockett, Terence

pp 78-85

The article makes a series of suggestions for approaches to the history of the industry, identifying tasks and areas of research where more detailed answers are needed. Lockett uses specific examples to highlight issues such as: i) wages of pottery workers; ii) mobility and migration among ceramic artists; iii) the sources of raw materials; iv) markets and distribution; v) the financial structure and financial support for pottery and ceramic companies; vi) factory marks and their identification; excavations of sites of early potteries; and vii) the availability of written sources, including family and business papers. The article concludes with a detailed bibliography (see also 08 02 54-60).

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By Harley, J.B.

pp 86-97

Detailed review of an aspect of cartographic history - and a source for local historians - which is perhaps less familiar than other forms of mapping. The article has a detailed bibliography and traces the development of marine cartography in the following major stages: i) Tudor and Stuart charts, the use for which developed from the need to survey coastal areas for defence works and fortifications - surveying methods improved very quickly and in the 16th century this aspect of mapping was dominated by the use of Dutch techniques for surveying harbours, inlets, and estuaries; ii) after the Restoration, hydrography improved rapidly and the late 17th and early 18th centuries saw the first attempts at national surveys of coastal waters, including many local features; and iii) in the 18th century national surveying became standard, with Admiralty support, and in the 19th century this led to the creation of the public mapping in the form of the Admiralty charts which were surveyed and published at various scales and paralleled the terrestrial work of the Ordnance Survey (see also 07 06 196-208; 07 07 223-231; 07 08 265-279; 08 02 61-71; 08 05 167-179).

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By Vaughan, J.E.

pp 98-106

Vaughan contrasts the contemporary 19th century guidebook and travellers' descriptions of the large urban centres, which tend to applaud civic achievement, architectural ambition and commercial and economic might, with the reality of the acute poverty experienced by many of their citizens. The poor lived in increasingly cramped and unhealthy conditions during a period of extremely rapid population increase. The example of Liverpool is used to illustrate these extreme views of the Victorian city, in which some contemporary accounts do highlight problems such as exceptionally high child mortality, the poor quality of food and diet, low wages, gambling and drunkenness. The author quotes from graphic accounts in local newspapers and details some of the efforts made by bodies such as local charities and the education authorities to alleviate some of the worst excesses of poverty.

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By Smith, Brian S.

pp 106-108

A brief description of the workings of the Copyright Act and its possible impact on local history researchers who want to use manuscripts, printed works, photographs and photocopies.